Article - schema.org

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# Article

#### Thing > CreativeWork > Article

An article, such as a news article or piece of investigative report. Newspapers and magazines have articles of many different types and this is intended to cover them all.

      <br/><br/>See also <a href="http://blog.schema.org/2014/09/schemaorg-support-for-bibliographic_2.html">blog post</a>.

Usage: Over 1,000,000 domains

Property | Expected Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
[more...]

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- 'Article' is mentioned in layer: core

Properties from Article
`articleBody` | Text | The actual body of the article.
`articleSection` | Text | Articles may belong to one or more 'sections' in a magazine or newspaper, such as Sports, Lifestyle, etc.
`pageEnd` | Integer or Text | The page on which the work ends; for example "138" or "xvi".
`pageStart` | Integer or Text | The page on which the work starts; for example "135" or "xiii".
`pagination` | Text | Any description of pages that is not separated into pageStart and pageEnd; for example, "1-6, 9, 55" or "10-12, 46-49".
`wordCount` | Integer | The number of words in the text of the Article.
Properties from CreativeWork
`about` | Thing | The subject matter of the content.
`accessibilityAPI` | Text | Indicates that the resource is compatible with the referenced accessibility API (wzxhzdk:0WebSchemas wiki lists possible valuesklzzwxh:0001).
`accessibilityControl` | Text | Identifies input methods that are sufficient to fully control the described resource (WebSchemas wiki lists possible values).
`accessibilityFeature` | Text | Content features of the resource, such as accessible media, alternatives and supported enhancements for accessibility (WebSchemas wiki lists possible values).
`accessibilityHazard` | Text | A characteristic of the described resource that is physiologically dangerous to some users. Related to WCAG 2.0 guideline 2.3 (WebSchemas wiki lists possible values).
`accountablePerson` | Person | Specifies the Person that is legally accountable for the CreativeWork.
`aggregateRating` | AggregateRating | The overall rating, based on a collection of reviews or ratings, of the item.
`alternativeHeadline` | Text | A secondary title of the CreativeWork.
`associatedMedia` | MediaObject | A media object that encodes this CreativeWork. This property is a synonym for encoding.
`audience` | Audience | An intended audience, i.e. a group for whom something was created. Supersedes serviceAudience.
`audio` | AudioObject | An embedded audio object.
`author` | Organization or Person | The author of this content. Please note that author is special in that HTML 5 provides a special mechanism for indicating authorship via the rel tag. That is equivalent to this and may be used interchangeably.
`award` | Text | An award won by or for this item. Supersedes awards.
`character` | Person | Fictional person connected with a creative work.
`citation` | CreativeWork or Text | A citation or reference to another creative work, such as another publication, web page, scholarly article, etc.
`comment` | Comment | Comments, typically from users.
`commentCount` | Integer | The number of comments this CreativeWork (e.g. Article, Question or Answer) has received. This is most applicable to works published in Web sites with commenting system; additional comments may exist elsewhere.
`contentLocation` | Place | The location depicted or described in the content. For example, the location in a photograph or painting.
`contentRating` | Text | Official rating of a piece of content—for example,'MPAA PG-13'.
`contributor` | Organization or Person | A secondary contributor to the CreativeWork or Event.
`copyrightHolder` | Organization or Person | The party holding the legal copyright to the CreativeWork.
`copyrightYear` | Number | The year during which the claimed copyright for the CreativeWork was first asserted.
`creator` | Organization or Person | The creator/author of this CreativeWork. This is the same as the Author property for CreativeWork.
`dateCreated` | Date or DateTime | The date on which the CreativeWork was created or the item was added to a DataFeed.
`dateModified` | Date or DateTime | The date on which the CreativeWork was most recently modified or when the item's entry was modified within a DataFeed.
`datePublished` | Date | Date of first broadcast/publication.
`discussionUrl` | URL | A link to the page containing the comments of the CreativeWork.
`editor` | Person | Specifies the Person who edited the CreativeWork.
`educationalAlignment` | AlignmentObject | An alignment to an established educational framework.
`educationalUse` | Text | The purpose of a work in the context of education; for example, 'assignment', 'group work'.
`encoding` | MediaObject | A media object that encodes this CreativeWork. This property is a synonym for associatedMedia. Supersedes encodings.
`exampleOfWork` | CreativeWork | A creative work that this work is an example/instance/realization/derivation of. Inverse property: workExample.
`fileFormat` | Text | Media type (aka MIME format, see IANA site) of the content e.g. application/zip of a SoftwareApplication binary. In cases where a CreativeWork has several media type representations, 'encoding' can be used to indicate each MediaObject alongside particular fileFormat information.
`genre` | Text | Genre of the creative work or group.
`hasPart` | CreativeWork | Indicates a CreativeWork that is (in some sense) a part of this CreativeWork. Inverse property: isPartOf.
`headline` | Text | Headline of the article.
`inLanguage` | Language or Text | The language of the content or performance or used in an action. Please use one of the language codes from the IETF BCP 47 standard. See also availableLanguage. Supersedes language.
`interactionStatistic` | InteractionCounter | The number of interactions for the CreativeWork using the WebSite or SoftwareApplication. The most specific child type of InteractionCounter should be used. Supersedes interactionCount.
`interactivityType` | Text | The predominant mode of learning supported by the learning resource. Acceptable values are 'active', 'expositive', or 'mixed'.
`isBasedOn` | CreativeWork or Product or URL | A resource that was used in the creation of this resource. This term can be repeated for multiple sources. For example, http://example.com/great-multiplication-intro.html. Supersedes isBasedOnUrl.
`isFamilyFriendly` | Boolean | Indicates whether this content is family friendly.
`isPartOf` | CreativeWork | Indicates a CreativeWork that this CreativeWork is (in some sense) part of. Inverse property: hasPart.
`keywords` | Text | Keywords or tags used to describe this content. Multiple entries in a keywords list are typically delimited by commas.
`learningResourceType` | Text | The predominant type or kind characterizing the learning resource. For example, 'presentation', 'handout'.
`license` | CreativeWork or URL | A license document that applies to this content, typically indicated by URL.
`locationCreated` | Place | The location where the CreativeWork was created, which may not be the same as the location depicted in the CreativeWork.
`mainEntity` | Thing | Indicates the primary entity described in some page or other CreativeWork. Inverse property: mainEntityOfPage.
`mentions` | Thing | Indicates that the CreativeWork contains a reference to, but is not necessarily about a concept.
`offers` | Offer | An offer to provide this item—for example, an offer to sell a product, rent the DVD of a movie, perform a service, or give away tickets to an event.
`position` | Integer or Text | The position of an item in a series or sequence of items.
`producer` | Organization or Person | The person or organization who produced the work (e.g. music album, movie, tv/radio series etc.).
`provider` | Organization or Person | The service provider, service operator, or service performer; the goods producer. Another party (a seller) may offer those services or goods on behalf of the provider. A provider may also serve as the seller. Supersedes carrier.
`publication` | PublicationEvent | A publication event associated with the item.
`publisher` | Organization | The publisher of the creative work.
`publishingPrinciples` | URL | Link to page describing the editorial principles of the organization primarily responsible for the creation of the CreativeWork.
`recordedAt` | Event | The Event where the CreativeWork was recorded. The CreativeWork may capture all or part of the event. Inverse property: recordedIn.
`releasedEvent` | PublicationEvent | The place and time the release was issued, expressed as a PublicationEvent.
`review` | Review | A review of the item. Supersedes reviews.
`schemaVersion` | Text or URL | Indicates (by URL or string) a particular version of a schema used in some CreativeWork. For example, a document could declare a schemaVersion using an URL such as http://schema.org/version/2.0/ if precise indication of schema version was required by some application.
`sourceOrganization` | Organization | The Organization on whose behalf the creator was working.
`text` | Text | The textual content of this CreativeWork.
`thumbnailUrl` | URL | A thumbnail image relevant to the Thing.
`timeRequired` | Duration | Approximate or typical time it takes to work with or through this learning resource for the typical intended target audience, e.g. 'P30M', 'P1H25M'.
`translator` | Organization or Person | Organization or person who adapts a creative work to different languages, regional differences and technical requirements of a target market, or that translates during some event.
`typicalAgeRange` | Text | The typical expected age range, e.g. '7-9', '11-'.
`version` | Number | The version of the CreativeWork embodied by a specified resource.
`video` | VideoObject | An embedded video object.
`workExample` | CreativeWork | Example/instance/realization/derivation of the concept of this creative work. eg. The paperback edition, first edition, or eBook. Inverse property: exampleOfWork.
Properties from Thing
`additionalType` | URL | An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally.
`alternateName` | Text | An alias for the item.
`description` | Text | A description of the item.
`disambiguatingDescription` | Text | A sub property of description. A short description of the item used to disambiguate from other, similar items. Information from other properties (in particular, name) may be necessary for the description to be useful for disambiguation.
`image` | ImageObject or URL | An image of the item. This can be a URL or a fully described ImageObject.
`mainEntityOfPage` | CreativeWork or URL | Indicates a page (or other CreativeWork) for which this thing is the main entity being described. See background notes for details. Inverse property: mainEntity.
`name` | Text | The name of the item.
`potentialAction` | Action | Indicates a potential Action, which describes an idealized action in which this thing would play an 'object' role.
`sameAs` | URL | URL of a reference Web page that unambiguously indicates the item's identity. E.g. the URL of the item's Wikipedia page, Freebase page, or official website.
`url` | URL | URL of the item.

#### Available properties in extensions

- For CreativeWork in the bib extension: publisherImprint, translationOfWork, workTranslation
- For CreativeWork in the pending extension: accessMode, accessModeSufficient, accessibilitySummary, contentReferenceTime

More specific Types

- BlogPosting
- NewsArticle
- Report
- ScholarlyArticle
- SocialMediaPosting
- TechArticle

#### Acknowledgement

This class contains derivatives of IPTC rNews properties. rNews is a data model of publishing metadata with serializations currently available for RDFa as well as HTML5 Microdata. More information about the IPTC and rNews can be found at rnews.org.

Examples
Example 1
Without Markup Microdata RDFa JSON-LD

    How to Tie a Reef Knot
    by John Doe
    This article has been tweeted 1203 times and contains 78 user comments.

    <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
      <span itemprop="name">How to Tie a Reef Knot</span>
      by <span itemprop="author">John Doe</span>
      This article has been tweeted 1203 times and contains 78 user comments.
      <div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/InteractionCounter">
        <div itemprop="interactionService" itemscope itemid="http://www.twitter.com" itemtype="http://schema.org/Website">
          <meta itemprop="name" content="Twitter" />
        </div>
        <meta itemprop="interactionType" content="http://schema.org/ShareAction"/>
        <meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content="1203" />
      </div>
      <div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/InteractionCounter">
        <meta itemprop="interactionType" content="http://schema.org/CommentAction"/>
        <meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content="78" />
      </div>
    </div>

    <div vocab="http://schema.org/" typeof="Article">
      <span property="name">How to Tie a Reef Knot</span>
      by <span property="author">John Doe</span>
      This article has been tweeted 1203 times and contains 78 user comments.
      <div property="interactionStatistic" typeof="InteractionCounter">
        <div property="interactionService" itemscope itemid="http://www.twitter.com" itemtype="http://schema.org/Website">
          <meta property="name" content="Twitter" />
        </div>
        <meta property="interactionType" content="http://schema.org/ShareAction"/>
        <meta property="userInteractionCount" content="1203" />
      </div>
      <div property="interactionStatistic" typeof="InteractionCounter">
        <meta property="interactionType" content="http://schema.org/CommentAction"/>
        <meta property="userInteractionCount" content="78" />
      </div>
    </div>

    <script type="application/ld+json">
    {
      "@context": "http://schema.org",
      "@type": "Article",
      "author": "John Doe",
      "interactionStatistic": [
        {
          "@type": "InteractionCounter",
          "interactionService": {
            "@type": "Website",
            "name": "Twitter",
            "url": "http://www.twitter.com"
          },
          "interactionType": "http://schema.org/ShareAction",
          "userInteractionCount": "1203"
        },
        {
          "@type": "InteractionCounter",
          "interactionType": "http://schema.org/CommentAction",
          "userInteractionCount": "78"
        },
      ],
      "name": "How to Tie a Reef Knot"
    }
    </script>

Example 2
Without Markup Microdata RDFa JSON-LD

    <!-- A list of the issues for a single volume of a given periodical. -->
    <div>
     <h1>The Lancet</h1>
     <p>Volume 376, July 2010-December 2010</p>
     <p>Published by Elsevier
     <ul>
       <li>ISSN: 0140-6736</li>
     </ul>
     <h3>Issues:</h3>
     <ul>
       <li>No. 9734 Jul 3, 2010 p 1-68</li>
       <li>No. 9735 Jul 10, 2010 p 69-140</li>
     </ul>
    </div>

    <!-- A list of the issues for a single volume of a given periodical. -->
    <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Periodical">
      <h1 itemprop="name">The Lancet</h1>
      <p>Volume 376, July 2010-December 2010</p>
      <p>Published by <span itemprop="publisher">Elsevier</span>
      <ul>
        <li>ISSN: <span itemprop="issn">0140-6736</span></li>
      </ul>
      <h3>Issues:</h3>
      <div itemprop="hasPart" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/PublicationVolume" itemid="#vol376">
        <meta itemprop="volumeNumber" content="376">
        <ul>
          <li itemprop="hasPart" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/PublicationIssue" itemid="#iss9734">No.
            <span itemprop="issueNumber">9734</span>
            <time datetime="2010-07-03" itemprop="datePublished">Jul 3, 2010</time>
            p <span itemprop="pageStart">1</span>-<span itemprop="pageEnd">68</span>
          </li>
          <li itemprop="hasPart" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/PublicationIssue" itemid="#iss9735">No.
            <span itemprop="issueNumber">9735</span>
            <time datetime="2010-07-03" itemprop="datePublished">Jul 10, 2010</time>
            p <span itemprop="pageStart">69</span>-<span itemprop="pageEnd">140</span>
          </li>
        </ul>
      </div>
    </div>

    <!-- A list of the issues for a single volume of a given periodical. -->
    <div vocab="http://schema.org/" typeof="Periodical">
      <h1 property="name">The Lancet</h1>
      <p>Volume 376, July 2010-December 2010</p>
      <p>Published by <span property="publisher">Elsevier</span>
      <ul>
        <li>ISSN: <span property="issn">0140-6736</span></li>
      </ul>
      <h3>Issues:</h3>
      <div property="hasPart" typeof="PublicationVolume" resource="#vol376">
        <meta property="volumeNumber" content="376">
        <ul>
          <li property="hasPart" typeof="PublicationIssue" resource="#issue9734">No.
            <span property="issueNumber">9734</span>
            <time datetime="2010-07-03" property="datePublished">Jul 3, 2010</time>
            p <span property="pageStart">1</span>-<span property="pageEnd">68</span>
          </li>
          <li property="hasPart" typeof="PublicationIssue" resource="#issue9735">No.
            <span property="issueNumber">9735</span>
            <time datetime="2010-07-03" property="datePublished">Jul 10, 2010</time>
            p <span property="pageStart">69</span>-<span property="pageEnd">140</span>
          </li>
        </ul>
      </div>
    </div>

    <script type="application/ld+json">
    {
      "@context": "http://schema.org",
      "@type": "Periodical",
      "issn": "0140-6736",
      "hasPart": {
        "@id": "vol376",
        "@type": "PublicationVolume",
        "volumeNumber": "376",
        "hasPart": [
          {
            "@id": "issue9735",
            "@type": "PublicationIssue",
            "datePublished": "2010-07-03",
            "pageEnd": "140",
            "pageStart": "69",
            "issueNumber": "9735"
          },
          {
            "@id": "issue9734",
            "@type": "PublicationIssue",
            "datePublished": "2010-07-03",
            "pageEnd": "68",
            "pageStart": "1",
            "issueNumber": "9734"
          }
        ]
      },
      "name": "The Lancet",
      "publisher": "Elsevier"
    }
    </script>

Example 3
Without Markup Microdata RDFa JSON-LD

    <!-- An article, fully linked to the issue, volume, and periodical in which it was published -->
    <div>
      <strong>Title:</strong> Be Careful What You Wish For: FRBR, Some Lacunae, A Review<br />
      <strong>Author:</strong> Smiraglia, Richard P.<br />
      <strong>Subjects:</strong> Catalog ; Works <br />
      <strong>Is Part Of:</strong>
      <div>Cataloging &amp; Classification Quarterly, 2012, Vol. 50 (5),</div>
      <div>p.360-368 [Peer Reviewed Journal]<br />
        <strong>Description:</strong>
          The library catalog as a catalog of works
          was an infectious idea, which together with research led to
          reconceptualization in the form of the FRBR conceptual model. Two
          categories of lacunae emerge—the expression entity, and gaps in the
          model such as aggregates and dynamic documents. Evidence needed to
          extend the FRBR model is available in contemporary research on
          instantiation. The challenge for the bibliographic community is to
          begin to think of FRBR as a form of knowledge organization system,
          adding a final dimension to classification. The articles in the present
          special issue offer a compendium of the promise of the FRBR
          model.
      </div>
      <strong>Publisher:</strong> Taylor &amp; Francis Group<br />
      <strong>Source:</strong> Routledge, Taylor &amp; Francis Group<br />
      <strong>ISSN:</strong> 0163-9374 ;<br />
      <strong>E-ISSN:</strong> 1544-4554;<br />
      <strong>DOI:</strong>
      <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2012.682254">10.1080/01639374.2012.682254</a>
    </div>

    <!-- An article, fully linked to the issue, volume, and periodical in which it was published -->
    <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle">
      <strong>Title:</strong> <span itemprop="name">Be Careful What You Wish For: FRBR, Some Lacunae, A Review</span><br />
      <strong>Author:</strong> <span itemprop="author">Smiraglia, Richard P.</span><br />
      <strong>Subjects:</strong> <span itemprop="about">Catalog</span> ; <span itemprop="about">Works</span> <br />
      <strong>Is Part Of:</strong>
      <div itemprop="isPartOf" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/PublicationIssue" itemid="#issue">
        <span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Periodical" itemid="#periodical">
          <span itemprop="name">Cataloging &amp; Classification Quarterly</span>,
        </span>
        <span itemprop="datePublished">2012</span>,
        Vol.<span itemprop="isPartOf" itemscope
                  itemtype="http://schema.org/PublicationVolume"><link
                  itemprop="isPartOf" href="#periodical" /><span
                  itemprop="volumeNumber">50</span></span>(<span
              itemprop="issueNumber">5</span>),
      </div>
      <div>
        p.<span itemprop="pageStart">360</span>-<span itemprop="pageEnd">368</span> [Peer Reviewed Journal]<br />
        <strong>Description:</strong>
        <span itemprop="description">The library catalog as a catalog of works
          was an infectious idea, which together with research led to
          reconceptualization in the form of the FRBR conceptual model. Two
          categories of lacunae emerge—the expression entity, and gaps in the
          model such as aggregates and dynamic documents. Evidence needed to
          extend the FRBR model is available in contemporary research on
          instantiation. The challenge for the bibliographic community is to
          begin to think of FRBR as a form of knowledge organization system,
          adding a final dimension to classification. The articles in the present
          special issue offer a compendium of the promise of the FRBR
          model.</span>
      </div>
      <span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Periodical" itemid="#periodical">
        <strong>Publisher:</strong>
        <span itemprop="publisher">Taylor &amp; Francis Group</span><br />
        <strong>Source:</strong> Routledge, Taylor &amp; Francis Group<br />
        <strong>ISSN:</strong> <span itemprop="issn">0163-9374</span> ;<br />
        <strong>E-ISSN:</strong> <span itemprop="issn">1544-4554</span> ;<br />
      </span>
      <strong>DOI:</strong>
      <a itemprop="sameAs" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2012.682254">10.1080/01639374.2012.682254</a>
    </div>

    <!-- An article, fully linked to the issue, volume, and periodical in which it was published -->
    <div vocab="http://schema.org/" typeof="ScholarlyArticle" resource="#article">
      <strong>Title:</strong> <span property="name">Be Careful What You Wish For: FRBR, Some Lacunae, A Review</span><br />
      <strong>Author:</strong> <span property="author">Smiraglia, Richard P.</span><br />
      <strong>Subjects:</strong> <span property="about">Catalog</span> ; <span property="about">Works</span> <br />
      <strong>Is Part Of:</strong>
      <div property="isPartOf" typeof="PublicationIssue" resource="#issue">
        <span typeof="Periodical" resource="#periodical">
          <span property="name">Cataloging &amp; Classification Quarterly</span>,
        </span>
        <span property="datePublished">2012</span>,
        Vol.<span property="isPartOf" typeof="PublicationVolume" resource="#periodical"><span
                  property="volumeNumber">50</span></span>(<span
              property="issueNumber">5</span>),
      </div>
      <div>
        p.<span property="pageStart">360</span>-<span property="pageEnd">368</span> [Peer Reviewed Journal]<br />
        <strong>Description:</strong>
        <span property="description">The library catalog as a catalog of works
          was an infectious idea, which together with research led to
          reconceptualization in the form of the FRBR conceptual model. Two
          categories of lacunae emerge—the expression entity, and gaps in the
          model such as aggregates and dynamic documents. Evidence needed to
          extend the FRBR model is available in contemporary research on
          instantiation. The challenge for the bibliographic community is to
          begin to think of FRBR as a form of knowledge organization system,
          adding a final dimension to classification. The articles in the present
          special issue offer a compendium of the promise of the FRBR
          model.</span>
      </div>
      <span resource="#periodical">
        <strong>Publisher:</strong>
        <span property="publisher">Taylor &amp; Francis Group</span><br />
        <strong>Source:</strong> Routledge, Taylor &amp; Francis Group<br />
        <strong>ISSN:</strong> <span property="issn">0163-9374</span> ;<br />
        <strong>E-ISSN:</strong> <span property="issn">1544-4554</span> ;<br />
      </span>
      <strong>DOI:</strong>
      <a property="sameAs" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2012.682254">10.1080/01639374.2012.682254</a>
    </div>

    <script type="application/ld+json">
    {
      "@context": "http://schema.org",
      "@graph": [
        {
            "@id": "#issue",
            "@type": "PublicationIssue",
            "issueNumber": "5",
            "datePublished": "2012",
            "isPartOf": {
                "@id": "#periodical",
                "@type": [
                    "PublicationVolume",
                    "Periodical"
                ],
                "name": "Cataloging & Classification Quarterly",
                "issn": [
                    "1544-4554",
                    "0163-9374"
                ],
                "volumeNumber": "50",
                "publisher": "Taylor & Francis Group"
            }
        },
        {
            "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
            "isPartOf": "#issue",
            "description": "The library catalog as a catalog of works was an infectious idea, which together with research led to reconceptualization in the form of the FRBR conceptual model. Two categories of lacunae emerge--the expression entity, and gaps in the model such as aggregates and dynamic documents. Evidence needed to extend the FRBR model is available in contemporary research on instantiation. The challenge for the bibliographic community is to begin to think of FRBR as a form of knowledge organization system, adding a final dimension to classification. The articles in the present special issue offer a compendium of the promise of the FRBR model.",
            "sameAs": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2012.682254",
            "about": [
                "Works",
                "Catalog"
            ],
            "pageEnd": "368",
            "pageStart": "360",
            "name": "Be Careful What You Wish For: FRBR, Some Lacunae, A Review",
            "author": "Smiraglia, Richard P."
        }
      ]
    }
    </script>

Schema Version 3.0