1 00:00:00,030 --> 00:00:04,560 before we move on to applying structure 2 00:00:02,339 --> 00:00:08,449 and proportion to our figure drawings we 3 00:00:04,559 --> 00:00:08,449 need to learn the landmarks of the body 4 00:00:18,559 --> 00:00:23,608 the early stages of a figure drawing 5 00:00:21,079 --> 00:00:26,879 usually involve careful measuring and 6 00:00:23,609 --> 00:00:28,590 identifying the gesture to help us with 7 00:00:26,879 --> 00:00:30,448 this the human body is filled with 8 00:00:28,589 --> 00:00:32,729 landmarks that give us clues to the 9 00:00:30,449 --> 00:00:35,399 gesture and points from which to measure 10 00:00:32,729 --> 00:00:38,549 the proportions these points are bony 11 00:00:35,399 --> 00:00:40,379 areas that show at the surface bones are 12 00:00:38,549 --> 00:00:43,109 good landmarks because they don't change 13 00:00:40,378 --> 00:00:45,780 much between different body types the 14 00:00:43,109 --> 00:00:48,570 skeleton structure of a thin muscular 15 00:00:45,780 --> 00:00:51,989 and overweight person stays roughly the 16 00:00:48,570 --> 00:00:54,570 same with some variation of course it's 17 00:00:51,988 --> 00:00:57,448 the muscle and fat tissue that shows the 18 00:00:54,570 --> 00:00:59,730 most dramatic changes as I point out the 19 00:00:57,448 --> 00:01:02,399 landmarks try to identify them on your 20 00:00:59,729 --> 00:01:05,188 own body or if you're watching this with 21 00:01:02,399 --> 00:01:10,140 a friend touch the bony landmarks on 22 00:01:05,188 --> 00:01:12,509 your friends body awkward we can use 23 00:01:10,140 --> 00:01:14,460 fleshy points like the belly button and 24 00:01:12,510 --> 00:01:17,159 nipples to measure distances and angles 25 00:01:14,459 --> 00:01:20,489 while remembering that these points will 26 00:01:17,159 --> 00:01:23,240 vary a lot more between body types so 27 00:01:20,489 --> 00:01:27,658 let's go over all these landmarks 28 00:01:23,239 --> 00:01:29,819 centerline of the front identifying the 29 00:01:27,659 --> 00:01:31,950 core gesture of the torso requires 30 00:01:29,819 --> 00:01:35,188 finding the landmarks along the center 31 00:01:31,950 --> 00:01:36,950 of the body at the top we start with the 32 00:01:35,188 --> 00:01:39,839 pit of the neck between the clavicles 33 00:01:36,950 --> 00:01:43,020 you'll see a little indentation right 34 00:01:39,840 --> 00:01:45,210 above the manubrium work our way down to 35 00:01:43,019 --> 00:01:47,688 the bottom of the sternum which combined 36 00:01:45,209 --> 00:01:50,009 with the manubrium looks like a necktie 37 00:01:47,688 --> 00:01:53,519 below that is the belly button and 38 00:01:50,009 --> 00:01:55,950 finally the pubic bone these points can 39 00:01:53,519 --> 00:01:58,408 be connected with a C or s curve 40 00:01:55,950 --> 00:02:02,070 this usually influences the gesture of 41 00:01:58,409 --> 00:02:05,340 the rest of the pose centerline of the 42 00:02:02,069 --> 00:02:08,068 back in the back identifying the 43 00:02:05,340 --> 00:02:09,899 centerline is much simpler the length of 44 00:02:08,068 --> 00:02:12,449 the spine gives you the shape of the 45 00:02:09,899 --> 00:02:13,689 centerline from the top of the neck down 46 00:02:12,449 --> 00:02:16,149 to the tailbone 47 00:02:13,689 --> 00:02:18,310 it's a common misconception that each 48 00:02:16,150 --> 00:02:20,760 vertebra has the same range of motion 49 00:02:18,310 --> 00:02:23,590 and can be connected with a simple curve 50 00:02:20,759 --> 00:02:25,959 while you can and should do this to 51 00:02:23,590 --> 00:02:27,069 establish the gesture it's not accurate 52 00:02:25,960 --> 00:02:29,140 to keep it that way 53 00:02:27,069 --> 00:02:31,930 during the structure stage and when 54 00:02:29,139 --> 00:02:33,909 adding the anatomy the three sections of 55 00:02:31,930 --> 00:02:37,540 the spine have different limits to their 56 00:02:33,909 --> 00:02:42,030 rotation flexion extension and lateral 57 00:02:37,539 --> 00:02:45,009 motion lateral landmarks of the front 58 00:02:42,030 --> 00:02:46,930 next I can use the landmarks across the 59 00:02:45,009 --> 00:02:50,139 body to identify the twisting and 60 00:02:46,930 --> 00:02:52,210 curving of the torso reaching from the 61 00:02:50,139 --> 00:02:54,309 back are the bony protrusions of their 62 00:02:52,210 --> 00:02:57,460 chromium process which tells you the 63 00:02:54,310 --> 00:02:59,500 angle of the shoulders you can feel the 64 00:02:57,460 --> 00:03:02,530 bony area on your shoulder between the 65 00:02:59,500 --> 00:03:04,090 deltoid and trapezius connecting the 66 00:03:02,530 --> 00:03:06,870 points of their chromium are the 67 00:03:04,090 --> 00:03:09,219 clavicles shaped like bicycle handlebars 68 00:03:06,870 --> 00:03:11,349 when finding the points across the 69 00:03:09,219 --> 00:03:13,509 shoulders keep in mind that these points 70 00:03:11,349 --> 00:03:16,810 can also move independently from the 71 00:03:13,509 --> 00:03:19,090 ribcage if someone raises one shoulder 72 00:03:16,810 --> 00:03:21,189 the clavicle will rotate from the pit of 73 00:03:19,090 --> 00:03:23,469 the neck changing the angle of the 74 00:03:21,189 --> 00:03:26,979 shoulders while keeping the same angle 75 00:03:23,469 --> 00:03:29,349 of the ribcage the front corners of the 76 00:03:26,979 --> 00:03:32,199 iliac crest tell you the angle of the 77 00:03:29,349 --> 00:03:35,829 pelvis these points are called the 78 00:03:32,199 --> 00:03:39,189 anterior superior iliac spine or ASIS 79 00:03:35,830 --> 00:03:41,440 for short as you'll see next week these 80 00:03:39,189 --> 00:03:45,250 points are great for identifying the box 81 00:03:41,439 --> 00:03:47,439 of the hips the other points that I 82 00:03:45,250 --> 00:03:50,530 frequently use on the front torso are 83 00:03:47,439 --> 00:03:52,900 the armpits I look for the distance from 84 00:03:50,530 --> 00:03:55,209 the top of the shoulders and the width 85 00:03:52,900 --> 00:04:00,580 of the arms compared to the width of the 86 00:03:55,209 --> 00:04:02,920 torso lateral landmarks of the back the 87 00:04:00,580 --> 00:04:05,260 back of the body also has some landmarks 88 00:04:02,919 --> 00:04:07,958 we can use to find the angles although 89 00:04:05,259 --> 00:04:11,560 some can be trickier to find on softer 90 00:04:07,959 --> 00:04:14,110 or overweight body types an average or a 91 00:04:11,560 --> 00:04:16,959 muscular back has a lot of bumps and is 92 00:04:14,110 --> 00:04:19,480 always a challenge for artists to create 93 00:04:16,959 --> 00:04:21,519 order out of all that chaos the bony 94 00:04:19,480 --> 00:04:22,150 landmarks of the scapula are very 95 00:04:21,519 --> 00:04:25,120 helpful 96 00:04:22,149 --> 00:04:26,589 first the spine of the scapula is this 97 00:04:25,120 --> 00:04:28,930 diagonal Ridge from the 98 00:04:26,589 --> 00:04:31,869 chromium process to this corner called 99 00:04:28,930 --> 00:04:33,250 the triangular expansion like the 100 00:04:31,870 --> 00:04:36,579 clavicles in the front 101 00:04:33,250 --> 00:04:38,620 these also resemble handle bars from the 102 00:04:36,579 --> 00:04:42,099 corner the ridge takes a sharp turn 103 00:04:38,620 --> 00:04:44,860 downward along the medial edge these 104 00:04:42,100 --> 00:04:47,100 edges are not covered by muscles so you 105 00:04:44,860 --> 00:04:50,229 will see hints of them on the surface 106 00:04:47,100 --> 00:04:53,710 the seventh cervical vertebra is another 107 00:04:50,228 --> 00:04:55,750 commonly used landmark moving down to 108 00:04:53,709 --> 00:04:59,199 the hip region we have a major landmark 109 00:04:55,750 --> 00:05:01,149 at the sacrum a triangular shape that 110 00:04:59,199 --> 00:05:04,060 connects the tailbone and the two 111 00:05:01,149 --> 00:05:10,829 dimples at the posterior superior iliac 112 00:05:04,060 --> 00:05:15,430 spine or pieces or piece ice or cysts 113 00:05:10,829 --> 00:05:17,579 the limbs in the arms and legs the 114 00:05:15,430 --> 00:05:20,168 landmarks are basically the joints on 115 00:05:17,579 --> 00:05:23,228 the sides of the elbow are the 116 00:05:20,168 --> 00:05:25,299 epicondyles of the humerus when the arm 117 00:05:23,228 --> 00:05:28,180 is extended these three points are 118 00:05:25,300 --> 00:05:31,060 aligned in a straight line when the 119 00:05:28,180 --> 00:05:34,120 elbow is bent the electron on a fancy 120 00:05:31,060 --> 00:05:37,990 word for tip of the elbow moves down and 121 00:05:34,120 --> 00:05:41,288 forms a triangle follow the ulna down 122 00:05:37,990 --> 00:05:43,960 the arm to the wrist at the wrist the 123 00:05:41,288 --> 00:05:46,120 radius and ulna create a flat top and 124 00:05:43,959 --> 00:05:48,969 bottom plane that are great for showing 125 00:05:46,120 --> 00:05:51,550 the rotation of the wrist the knee is 126 00:05:48,970 --> 00:05:53,500 very complex so I'll go over in a lot 127 00:05:51,550 --> 00:05:56,379 more detail during the anatomy series 128 00:05:53,500 --> 00:05:59,050 but to try to simplify it I remember 129 00:05:56,379 --> 00:06:01,209 that there are seven bumps two for the 130 00:05:59,050 --> 00:06:04,300 condyles of the femur and two more for 131 00:06:01,209 --> 00:06:06,509 the condyles of the tibia a little one 132 00:06:04,300 --> 00:06:09,579 on the side at the head of the fibula 133 00:06:06,509 --> 00:06:11,889 one bump for the patella and another 134 00:06:09,579 --> 00:06:16,659 below it caused by the combination of 135 00:06:11,889 --> 00:06:18,788 the tibia a ligament and a fat pad when 136 00:06:16,660 --> 00:06:22,630 the knee bends the tendon will pull the 137 00:06:18,788 --> 00:06:25,120 kneecap down and under the femur the 138 00:06:22,629 --> 00:06:27,550 curve of the tibia is very prominent and 139 00:06:25,120 --> 00:06:31,060 an important part of the gesture of the 140 00:06:27,550 --> 00:06:33,788 leg at the ankle the tibia and fibula 141 00:06:31,060 --> 00:06:36,728 form a wrench shape that hugs the foot 142 00:06:33,788 --> 00:06:40,389 the angle between them goes downward 143 00:06:36,728 --> 00:06:43,089 towards the outside and finally the 144 00:06:40,389 --> 00:06:45,729 a trochanter a bony protrusion on the 145 00:06:43,089 --> 00:06:48,810 side of the hip all the muscles of the 146 00:06:45,730 --> 00:06:51,340 gluteus wrap around it like a doughnut 147 00:06:48,810 --> 00:06:54,579 yeah I made this reference just so I 148 00:06:51,339 --> 00:06:56,619 could eat a doughnut so those are all 149 00:06:54,579 --> 00:06:58,329 the landmarks the best way to learn them 150 00:06:56,620 --> 00:07:01,090 is to draw from life or from a 151 00:06:58,329 --> 00:07:02,680 photograph and try to identify them use 152 00:07:01,089 --> 00:07:04,689 them in the construction of your drawing 153 00:07:02,680 --> 00:07:07,060 if you want to see me draw this figure 154 00:07:04,689 --> 00:07:09,639 while applying the landmarks go to 155 00:07:07,060 --> 00:07:12,100 proko.com/figure and get the premium 156 00:07:09,639 --> 00:07:14,349 access to the entire figure fundamentals 157 00:07:12,100 --> 00:07:16,270 series in there you'll also find a 158 00:07:14,350 --> 00:07:18,730 downloadable diagram of the landmarks 159 00:07:16,269 --> 00:07:21,549 that you can use as a reference a lot of 160 00:07:18,730 --> 00:07:23,620 examples from each lesson and expanded 161 00:07:21,550 --> 00:07:25,810 versions of each lesson all right that's 162 00:07:23,620 --> 00:07:29,379 it I'll see you next time thanks for 163 00:07:25,810 --> 00:07:30,160 watching if you like this video share 164 00:07:29,379 --> 00:07:32,469 the wealth 165 00:07:30,160 --> 00:07:34,780 tell your friends post it on your 166 00:07:32,470 --> 00:07:36,190 favorite social network and click this 167 00:07:34,779 --> 00:07:38,199 button here to subscribe to the proko 168 00:07:36,189 --> 00:07:39,069 newsletter if you want to be updated 169 00:07:38,199 --> 00:07:41,729 about new videos 170 00:07:39,069 --> 00:07:41,730 buh bye